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The sense of smell long remained the most enigmatic of our senses. The basic principles for recognizing and remembering about 10,000 different odours were not understood. Linda Buck and Richard Axel published the fundamental paper jointly in 1991 that solved this problem.   In a series of pioneering they studies clarified how our olfactory system works. They discovered a large gene family, comprised of some 1,000 different genes (three per cent of our genes) that give rise to an equivalent number of olfactory receptor types. These receptors are located on the olfactory receptor cells, which occupy a small area in the upper part of the nasal epithelium and detect the inhaled odorant molecules. For this work they were the Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in 2004